Week1

inflamatory response

Acute

healthy response to appropriate insult (infection, laceratoin, sprain, etc…) happens within seconds of injury

Main Causes:

• Physical Trauma
• Chemical Agents
• Thermal Extremes
• etc… (more listed on lecture slides)

Phases of Acute Inflamation:

• injury (lasts several minutes)
  • soft tissue & vascular damage
  • vasoconstriction
  • damaged cells release chemical mediators including cytokines
• acute (acute phase of acute inflammation begins within a few minutes and lasts up to 3-4 days)
  • vasodilation and blood vessel wall permeability increases
  • WBC (neutrophils & macrophages) are released into the injured region
  • it’s important to protect and localize inflamation
  • Visual symptoms
    • redness & heat (from increased circulation)/swelling (from more plasma)/pain (some from initial injury, increased sensitivity, some from swelling pressure), bruising (from initial injury tearing microvasculature, leading to blood pooling)
• destruction
• repair & modeling
  • begins around 48 to 72 hours and typically lasts around 6 weeks
• maturation

In
Acute
Destruction
Repair
Matures

Chronic

Unhealthy and complicated response

Case example: obese diabetic fractures ankle could lead to chronic inflamation due to poor extremity circulation